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  1. Active-controlled
  2. Adenocarcinoma
  3. Adjuvant therapy
  4. Adverse events (AEs)
  5. Angiogenesis
  6. Angiogenic switch
  7. Anorexia
  8. Anti-apoptotic
  9. Anti-permeability
  10. Apoptosis
  11. Arterial thromboembolic events
  12. Astemia
  13. Autocrine signalling
  14. Autoradiographic grains
  15. Avastin® (bevacizumab)
  16. Axillary lymph nodes
Active-controlled

When a treatment exists that is clearly better than doing nothing for the subject (i.e. giving them the placebo), the alternate treatment would be a standard-of-care therapy. The study would compare the 'test' treatment to standard-of-care therapy

Adenocarcinoma

Cancer of the epithelium that originates in glandular tissue

Adjuvant therapy

Therapy given after surgery to decrease the likelihood of the cancer returning

Adverse events (AEs)

Symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study

Angiogenesis

The growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels

Angiogenic switch

A shift of the angiogenic balance to the pro-angiogenic state

Anorexia

An emotional disorder characterised by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat

Anti-apoptotic

Acting to prevent apoptosis

Anti-permeability

Anti-permeability is the decrease in vessel permeability that results from the blockade of VEGF by anti-VEGF agents

Apoptosis

The process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms

Arterial thromboembolic events

An event pertaining to or emanating from the formation of a clot (thrombus) in an artery

Astemia

A condition in which the body lacks or has lost strength either as a whole or in any of its parts

Autocrine signalling

A form of signalling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell, leading to changes in the cell

Autoradiographic grains

Pattern of grains on photographic emulsion (X-ray film) revealing the localisation of radioactivity

Avastin® (bevacizumab)

A recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is used for the treatment of various cancer types

Axillary lymph nodes

Small, ball-shaped organ of the immune system, located under the armpit (axilla)

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